Clostridioides difficile-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Induce Proinflammatory Responses in Macrophages
Quick Facts
- Publication title: Clostridioides difficile-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Induce Proinflammatory Responses in Macrophages
- Journal: J Extracell Vesicles
- Year: 2026
- DOI: 10.1002/jev2.70251
- PMID/PMCID: 41904635; PMC13140506
Research overview
This study explores the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from Clostridioides difficile strain 630 (CD630-EVs), which released spherical EVs during in vitro culture, in modulating pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. These findings suggest that FliC may play a critical role in intestinal mucosal injury during CDI, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for mitigating inflammation in CDI.
Key findings
Clostridioides difficile (CD) is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients.
This study explores the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from Clostridioides difficile strain 630 (CD630-EVs), which released spherical EVs during in vitro culture, in modulating pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages.
Proteomic analysis identified a total of 1064 proteins within CD630-EVs, including four immune-related proteins: FliC, TrxA, TrxA2 and HtpG.
Notably, FliC exhibited the highest expression intensity within immune-related pathways.
Echo Biotech Role
Echo Biotech contributed EV isolation and purification; the study also used or cited Exosupur®.
Related platforms: Exoomics®, Research Reagents & Tools
Related services and capabilities: EV Isolation & Purification, Research Reagent / Product Supply
Related products or reagents: Exosupur® EV Isolation/Purification Kit
References
Original publication: Clostridioides difficile-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Induce Proinflammatory Responses in Macrophages Journal of extracellular vesicles. 2026. DOI: 10.1002/jev2.70251. PMID/PMCID: 41904635; PMC13140506.