Dynamic Change of PD-L2 on Circulating Plasma Extracellular Vesicles as a Predictor of Treatment Response in Melanoma Patients Receiving Anti-PD-1 Therapy

Quick Facts

  • Publication title: Dynamic Change of PD-L2 on Circulating Plasma Extracellular Vesicles as a Predictor of Treatment Response in Melanoma Patients Receiving Anti-PD-1 Therapy
  • Journal: J Extracell Vesicles
  • Year: 2025
  • DOI: 10.1002/jev2.70054
  • PMID/PMCID: 40135876; PMC11938378

Research overview

In this study, we employed an extracellular vesicles (EVs) protein expression array to explore the longitudinal membrane protein profiles of plasma-derived EVs from 32 melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-1 and anti-angiogenesis therapy at baseline and early treatment. Collectively, our study demonstrates that PD-L2+ EVs inhibit CD8 T cell activation and promote melanoma growth, and changes in PD-L2 on circulating EVs during early treatment could serve as a biomarker for ICI-based therapy.

Key findings

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have provided new hope for melanoma patients, however, not all patients benefit.

Furthermore, ICI-related therapies cause significant immune-related adverse events that adversely affect patient outcomes.

Therefore, there is a pressing need for reliable biomarkers to identify patients most likely to benefit from these treatments.

In this study, we employed an extracellular vesicles (EVs) protein expression array to explore the longitudinal membrane protein profiles of plasma-derived EVs from 32 melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-1 and anti-angiogenesis therapy at baseline and early treatment.

Echo Biotech Role

Echo Biotech contributed EV isolation and purification, EV characterization; the study also used or cited Exosupur®.

Related platforms: Exoomics®, Research Reagents & Tools

Related services and capabilities: Biofluid EV Isolation & Purification, Cell-Culture Supernatant EV Isolation & Purification, EV Basic Characterization (TEM/NTA/WB), Research Reagent / Product Supply

Related products or reagents: Exosupur® EV Isolation/Purification Kit

References

Original publication: Dynamic Change of PD-L2 on Circulating Plasma Extracellular Vesicles as a Predictor of Treatment Response in Melanoma Patients Receiving Anti-PD-1 Therapy Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 2025. DOI: 10.1002/jev2.70054. PMID/PMCID: 40135876; PMC11938378.