Extracellular vesicle-associated PD-L1 induces CD4+ T cell dysfunction and contributes to immunosuppression in sepsis
Quick Facts
- Publication title: Extracellular vesicle-associated PD-L1 induces CD4+ T cell dysfunction and contributes to immunosuppression in sepsis
- Journal: Cell Commun Signal
- Year: 2026
- DOI: 10.1186/s12964-026-02724-3
- PMID/PMCID: 41668092; PMC12990564
Research overview
We evaluated the relationship of EV-associated PD-L1 level to immune function and prognosis in septic patients. EV-associated PD-L1 engaged CD4+ T cells to induce CD4+ T cell dysfunction and may be one of the key mechanisms inducing immunosuppression in sepsis.
Key findings
BACKGROUND: The upregulation of PD-1 on T lymphocytes is one of the key mechanisms driving sepsis-induced immunosuppression.
Nevertheless although it is known that PD-L1 on antigen-presenting cells acts as a ligand for PD-1 on T lymphocytes, it remains to be determined whether extracellular vesicle-associated PD-L1 also serves as its ligand.
METHODS: Plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated via ultracentrifugation.
We evaluated the relationship of EV-associated PD-L1 level to immune function and prognosis in septic patients.
Echo Biotech Role
Echo Biotech contributed EV characterization.
Related platforms: Exoomics®
Related services and capabilities: EV Basic Characterization (TEM/NTA/WB)
References
Original publication: Extracellular vesicle-associated PD-L1 induces CD4+ T cell dysfunction and contributes to immunosuppression in sepsis Cell communication and signaling. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s12964-026-02724-3. PMID/PMCID: 41668092; PMC12990564.